Water is used to drill and hydraulically fracture (“frack”) wells, refine and process oil and gas, and produce electricity in some natural gas power plants. Water is also naturally present in the rocks that contain oil and gas and is extracted along with the oil and gas as “produced water”, sometimes in large quantities.

2024年6月9日 · Global Li production will require a ~500 % increase to meet 2050 projected energy storage demands. One potential source is oil and gas wastewater (i.e., produced water or brine), which naturally has high total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations, that can also be enriched in Li (>100 mg/L).

2019年2月1日 · Models are established to accurately calculate phase velocities of oil-gas-water three-phase flow under different flow regimes. As a highly complex and random process, oil-gas-water three-phase flow is commonly encountered in petroleum production and transportation.

2013年6月12日 · In the oil industry, it is important to measure gas/oil/water flows produced from oil wells. To determine oil production, it is necessary to measure the water-in-liquid ratio (WLR), liquid fraction and some other parameters, which are related to multiphase flow rates.

2010年2月24日 · Water is not normally associated in many people's minds with the production of oil and gas from underground reservoirs. Consequently, with no energy potential or sales value, is its separation, treatment and disposal important? David Robinson discusses issues surrounding the handling of water in the production of oil and gas.

2023年5月20日 · Water cut is the percentage of water produced from the well alongside oil and gas. It is typically expressed as a fraction or percentage and measures the ratio of water to the total volume of produced liquids (oil, gas, and water). For example, if a well produces 80 barrels of oil and 20 barrels of water, the water cut is 20%.

2019年3月26日 · We have developed a methodology for assessing quantities of water and proppant injection, and water production associated with development of continuous petroleum accumulations. This approach builds directly from USGS oil and gas assessments.

2024年12月1日 · Oil inclusion accelerate flocculent hydrates agglomeration in low water cut. A model was constructed to analyze the mechanism of particle rolling on the wall. 50 % WC has the fastest hydrate formation speed and the maximum water conversion rate. Natural gas hydrate blockage always leads to safety problems in oil and gas transportation pipelines.

2017年7月1日 · Three-phase gas-oil-water (G-O-W) is common in wells and pipelines producing from mature reservoirs, imposing serious flow assurance problems. Therefore, prediction of flow behavior and characteristics is critical for optimal and sustainable production.

Most oil- and gas-bearing rocks also contain water. When the oil or gas is extracted from these rocks, the water comes out too. This “produced water” is a byproduct of almost all oil and gas extraction, though the amounts of produced water can vary widely in different places or over the lifetime of a single well. 1 When hydraulic