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  1. 苏联解体以发生在1991年12月25日唯一一任苏联总统米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫辞职,以及苏联最高苏维埃于翌日通过决议宣布苏联停止存在为最终节点,标志着立国69年的苏联作为主权国家正式解体不复存在,除波罗的海三国以外的原12个苏联加盟共和国自此从法律上取得主权国家地位。苏联解体代表着自第二次世界大战结束后持续了近半个世纪的冷战和两极格局的结束,并且使在雅尔塔会议形成的雅尔塔体系瓦解,很多原来是苏联盟友的欧洲主权国家在苏联解体后开始通向西方阵营,美国也在苏联解体后成为世界上唯一的超级大国。
    原文名Распад СССР或Развал СССР
    日期1990年-1991年
    参与者苏联共产党 · 苏联加盟共和国政府 · 苏维埃社会主义自治共和国政府 · 苏联内部的民族主义者、自由主义者和左派的反对势力
    Overview

    The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the … 展开

    Background

    Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo on 11 March 1985, just over four hours after his predecessor Konstantin Chernenko died at the age of 73. Gorbachev, aged 54, was the youngest member of the P… 展开

    Timeline

    In 1988, Gorbachev started to lose control of two regions of the Soviet Union, as the Baltic republics were now leaning towards independence, and the Caucasus descended into violence and civil war.
    On 1 July 1988, t… 展开

    Consequences

    In the decades following the end of the Cold War, only five or six of the post-Soviet states are on a path to joining the wealthy capitalist states of the West, and most are falling behind, some to such an extent that over 50 years wil… 展开