Parasitoid wasps, belonging to the family Hymenoptera, deprive their insect and spider hosts of nutrition. These wasps ...

Predation, herbivory, and parasitism are specific types of antagonistic interactions. In predation, one organism kills and consumes another. Predation provides energy to prolong the life and ...

The social parasitism that I address here is restricted to the ants that form mixed species nests and depend on labor provided by the host species workers. These nests typically have two or more ...

We are describing and documenting patterns of copepod species to determine how their diversity evolves. Copepods are one of the most abundant forms of life on Earth. They are dominant in the community ...

She then swallows one of the eggs that’s been laid there and lays one of her own—a behavior known as brood parasitism. Sometimes potential victims revolt. The parents that inhabit the nest may ...