Semiconductor Physics and Flat Band Potential Semiconductors are materials with electrical properties that lie between those of conductors and insulators. In semiconductors, valence electrons occupy ...

but entire energy ranges—we call them energy bands." Both the energy and the momentum (or speed) of the electrons play a role here: the electron can assume different momentum values, which means ...

"Unlike other forms of wave localization, such as those occurring at engineered lattice defects or topological interfaces, the energy localization in flat bands is not confined to a specific point ...