Furthermore, cholecystectomy is the standard surgery for treating gallbladder diseases 3. This procedure involves the complete removal of the gallbladder and is primarily performed laparoscopically.

Laparoscopic surgery, also referred to as minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or laparoscopy, is a surgical technique in which a thin, camera-equipped surgical device is inserted into the abdomen or ...

Alternatively, the operation can be performed through a single midline incision, although exposure to the kidney is limited (particularly for left-sided masses). The indications for laparoscopic ...

A cataract is the clouding of the natural lens inside the eye. Traditional cataract surgery was performed through an incision around 12 mm or 0.5 inch wide. Before surgical microscopes and fine ...

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