The proposed system can simulate the major steps of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, such as the anatomy of Calot's triangle ... at a high frequency (> 900 Hz), whereas mesh skinning and graphics ...
Due to complex anatomy, both indocyanine green and intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) were utilized for a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Only ERCP and IOC were able to clearly identify ...
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