A biological heart valve is a heart valve recovered from a donor or created from donor tissue. A cadaveric valve comes from a human donor. Bovine valves are recovered from cows and porcine valves ...

During this surgery, the damaged valve is removed and replaced with an artificial valve. The valve replacement is typically an open-heart surgery. A minimally invasive surgery or a catheter procedure ...

Finally the second heart sound may be reduced in intensity ... It is a trileaflet valve made from bovine pericardium in a stainless steel frame that is designed to be expanded by a balloon.