The preliminary syllabus for the academic year 2025-2026 will be published in the Studies service in the spring 2025 and the final syllabus will be published in Sisu by the end of June. Please note, ...

Earth system models (ESMs) integrate the interactions of atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, and biosphere to estimate the state of regional and global climate under a wide variety of conditions.

This encompasses the interactions between various parts of the atmosphere as well as interactions with the oceans and freshwater systems, the biosphere and human activities. Ongoing climate change ...