The sling can be made from a man-made material such as mesh or, if necessary, the woman's own tissue or animal tissue. Sling procedures, also known as pubovaginal or suburethral slings, are used when ...

Intraoperative cystourethroscopy is always indicated to rule out urethral or bladder perforation, whether the sling is placed through ... an accurate diagnosis is made can rational treatment ...

Sling surgery is associated with predictable, yet often unavoidable complications; intraoperative complications include bleeding and urethral or bladder ... diagnosis is made can rational ...