Symbiotic interactions range from parasitism to commensalism and mutualism. Although sometimes considered an unusual way of life, microbial symbioses are increasingly recognized as widespread ...

Predation, herbivory, and parasitism are specific types of antagonistic interactions. In predation, one organism kills and consumes another. Predation provides energy to prolong the life and ...

In this module, we will explore the nature of symbiosis between plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. We will investigate the 'continuum of symbiosis' from parasitism to mutualism using specific ...

These relationships, spanning the continuum from mutualism to parasitism, have profound implications across multiple fields. At the ISEE lab, we integrate bottom-up (focused on specific interactions) ...

Most orchids live in a symbiotic relationship with fungi in ... as it is a partial parasite, meaning that it can produce its own food but also takes up to half of its budget from fungi.