In the first century BC, Rome was a republic. Power lay in the hands of the Senate, elected by Roman citizens. But the senators were fighting for power between themselves. Order had given way to ...

This course provides an introduction to Roman history, from its mythical beginnings to the battle of Actium in 31 BC. The fourth number of the course code shows the level of the course. For example, ...

The gladius was part of the Roman soldier’s equipment which included ... Soldiers swore an oath of allegiance - a promise to serve the republic and later the emperor. Once they had joined ...

From its very beginning the Roman Republic was a highly unified state ... Empire in becoming the dominant power of the Near East. Drawing on the rich history of 'multi-national' empires that ...