This simple STM setup utilises a piezoelectric actuator constructed by deliberately cutting a piezo speaker into four quadrants. With individual drive wires attached to the four quadrants.

The piezoelectric output voltage of a BaTiO 3 single crystal subjected to a recurrent strain pulse of constant amplitude has been found to be approximately, but not exactly, proportional to its ...

This class D switching amplifier modulates the pulse width of the control signal and thus controls the piezo output voltage. When the piezo actuator is discharged, a patented circuitry for energy ...

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