Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., ...

It is presumed that muscles and tendons are more susceptible to injury as they age, but it is not clear why injuries to soft tissues with an L5 and S1 nerve supply ... injuries with an L2–L4 nerve ...