Firstly, why did it take more than 48 hours after bladder catheter placement to see the initial improvement in kidney function ... partial strictures in both ureters (only one ureter is shown ...

Incontinence is defined as the involuntary leakage of urine from the bladder. Incontinence can affect both men and women in any age group but is more common in women and the elderly. As the population ...

Numerous medications can cause bladder spasms. Many irritate the bladder when they are broken down in the kidneys and passed to the bladder in urine. Others, called cholinergic drugs, stimulate a ...