Striatal dopamine (DA) release regulates reward-related learning and behavioural activation and is believed to consist of a short-lived phasic and continuous tonic component. Here, we build a ...

IGF1, IGF2 and insulin act primarily through tyrosine-kinase-linked receptors—the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR). The IGF1R binds IGF1 and IGF2 with high affinity and the IR ...