The sling can be made from a man-made material such as mesh or, if necessary, the woman's own tissue or animal tissue. Sling procedures, also known as pubovaginal or suburethral slings, are used when ...

Intraoperative cystourethroscopy is always indicated to rule out urethral or bladder perforation, whether the sling is placed through ... an accurate diagnosis is made can rational treatment ...

The most common complication reported with sling surgery is bladder perforation during needle ... only after an accurate diagnosis is made can rational treatment be offered Conservative management ...