If Caesarea—officially the Judaean capital from 6 B.C.—could be written off as a city for pagans, the holy city of Jerusalem was also threatened by the Romanizing instincts of their ruler.

Jewish claims were superseded. Thus we later get the Byzantine empire’s provinces of Palestine, the concept of the Holy Land and the Crusades. All this was justified by interpretations of ...

The aim was to capture the sacred places in the Holy Land from the Muslims who lived there, so it was intended as a war to right wrongs done against Christianity. The first Crusade was started by ...

stretched from stretched from India, in South Asia, to Spain, in Western Europe, and included Jerusalem and the Holy Land close Holy LandPlaces around Israel and Palestine connected to the birth ...