The linear sequence of amino acids within a protein is considered the primary structure of the protein. Proteins are built from a set of only twenty amino acids, each of which has a unique side chain.

Proteins have four levels of structure: primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (local folding patterns like alpha helices and beta sheets), tertiary (overall 3D shape), and quaternary (assembly of ...

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)—commonly known as bad cholesterol—have long been on scientists' radar as a major contributor ...

Proteins are the workhorses that keep our cells running, and there are many thousands of types of proteins in our cells, each performing a specialized function. Researchers have long known that the ...

Introduction Definition of Peptides Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, typically consisting of 2 to ...

Learn about our Editorial Policies. While AlphaFold and the subsequent AI revolution in biology garnered a lot of attention, the foundational bricks for the strides made in protein structure and ...

The sequence of amino acids in the chain determines how the chain will fold up to make the protein, so different proteins have different three-dimensional shapes. The three-dimensional shape of a ...