When a piezoelectric crystal is subjected to mechanical stress, the deformation of the crystal structure causes a displacement of positive and negative ions, generating an electrical dipole moment.

The 3D piezoelectric cellulose composite ... Created through a process called directional freeze casting, its structure is optimized to encourage the growth of cells in a specific direction ...

Piezoelectric materials ... the most remarkable features of this novel nanoporous material is its ultra-thin structure, with a thickness of less than 30nm. This characteristic significantly ...