While chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate both have well-documented, beneficial effects in patients with osteoarthritis, the exact molecular actions of these drugs are also unknown.

"The altered pathways and associated molecular mechanisms ... significantly altered glycan and sulfate contents and ...

Based on neurite outgrowth assays, we have previously isolated, cloned, and produced as recombinant proteins two ligands of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), HMGB1 (high-mobility group B1; ...