Semiconductor Physics and Flat Band Potential Semiconductors are materials with electrical properties that lie between those of conductors and insulators. In semiconductors, valence electrons occupy ...

"Unlike other forms of wave localization, such as those occurring at engineered lattice defects or topological interfaces, the energy localization in flat bands is not confined to a specific point ...

Prior knowledge needed: Introductory physics including electromagnetics and modern physics and Introductory calculus and ordinary differential equations Understand the energy band structures and their ...