There are several ways to measure breathlessness. Many healthcare professionals use the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MMRC), which is the most common scale because it’s simple ...
Chronic and pathological (refractory) breathlessness is debilitating for millions of people in the UK. Despite attempts to define breathlessness to capture its complex subjective nature (ATS statement ...
Adapted from systematic review findings of Solano et al. 1 This article provides a summary of symptom assessment tools and reviews the management of four common and distressing symptoms frequently ...
Manyaku Mashilo was born in 1991 in Limpopo, South Africa, and is currently based in Cape Town. Her multidisciplinary practice encompasses mixed media painting, drawing, and collage, addressing ...